The Core

For the longest time, we've wondered what search engine will dethrone Google.

Now that the LLM chatbots are getting so good, it has become evident the above question is like asking, "What directory is going to dethrone Yahoo!?" (thankfully, one that makes punctuation look correct).

Example... I saw that the cardiac stroke volume of a blue whale is 80 liters (and a human can swim through the aorta). I wondered what the stroke volume of an elite endurance athlete is. I tried several searches in Google, got a bunch of scholarly papers that didn't answer the question. I gave up and went to Claude in seconds it gave me answers and I thought, "I'm never going to Google again for this type of thing," just like that day when I thought, "I'm never going to Ask Jeeves again."

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What is the stroke volume of an elite cyclist

The stroke volume of an elite cyclist is typically higher than that of an average person due to the physiological adaptations that occur with regular endurance training.

Stroke volume refers to the amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle (one of the heart's chambers) with each contraction or heartbeat. It is measured in milliliters (mL) per beat.

For elite endurance athletes like cyclists, the stroke volume can range from around 120 mL to 200 mL or even higher in some cases. In contrast, the average stroke volume for an untrained individual is usually between 60-100 mL.

The higher stroke volume in elite cyclists allows their hearts to pump a greater amount of oxygenated blood to the working muscles with each beat. This adaptation, along with a higher maximum heart rate and greater blood volume, enables their cardiovascular system to better meet the increased demands of intense endurance exercise.

However, the exact stroke volume can vary depending on factors like the athlete's age, sex, body size, and individual training status. Elite cyclists undergo specific training to improve stroke volume as part of their overall cardiovascular conditioning.

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Is that the stroke volume at rest or during exercise?

The stroke volume values I provided for elite cyclists (120-200 mL) generally refer to their stroke volume during maximal or peak exercise, not at rest.

At rest, even elite endurance athletes like cyclists will have a stroke volume closer to normal untrained values of around 60-100 mL per beat.

Here's a more complete picture:

Resting Stroke Volume:

Untrained individuals: 60-100 mL
Elite cyclists: Around 60-120 mL
Maximal Exercise Stroke Volume:

Untrained individuals: 70-130 mL
Elite cyclists: 120-200 mL or higher
The larger maximal stroke volumes seen in elite cyclists (120-200 mL) represent the high end of their cardiac output capabilities during intense cycling when their hearts are working at maximal capacities.

This increased maximal stroke volume allows their hearts to pump more oxygenated blood per beat to working muscles during maximal aerobic exercise compared to untrained individuals.

So in summary, while elite cyclists may have only a slightly elevated resting stroke volume, their stroke volumes increase substantially more than untrained people during heavy exercise when their cardiovascular systems are most challenged.

If you type in requests to write simple code, it spits out code. It strikes me as a great learning tool not just for beginning programmers, but for non-technical managers who want to learn how to ask for things.

Prompt: Write some Javascript code that will show the dimensions of an image when you hover over the image
Does just what you ask - it will fire on a *particular* image with a specific ID and work just for that image

  const image = document.getElementById('myImage');
Prompt: Write Javascript code that finds all images that detects when you hover over any image and then displays a tooltip with the image dimensions
Does what I meant to ask - find all images and show dimensions on hover.


   const images = document.querySelectorAll('img');

    images.forEach(image => {
      image.addEventListener('mouseover', showTooltip);
      image.addEventListener('mouseout', hideTooltip);
    });

It also gives almost line-by-line explanations of what it's doing.

I haven't compared head-to-head with ChatGPT. I think for coding it's about the same. For other areas, it seems more fluent than the last version of ChatGPT that I tried (which I think is still the current one).

And the free versions are always one version behind.

Skynet is operational.

I’ve tried ChatGPT, Pi.ai and several of the free image generators.

Claude.ai was suggested by Seth Godin as his favorite. I was in the middle of testing Pi.ai and ran some queries on both, including the stroke volume query above. Claude’s answer was much much better.