For cost vs strength vs insulation... I would take SIPs frankly.
>OSB
OSB is inherently twice as strong as plywood in shear, but in some applications, this is offset by nail-holding ability. So it is superior when used in TJIs and SIPs and about equal when used in shear walls.
Osb is stronger than plywood in shear. Shear values, through its thickness, are about 2 times greater than plywood.This is one of the reasons osb is used for webs of wooden I-joists. However, nail-holding ability controls performance in shear wall applications. So both products perform equally well as shear-wall components.
https://bct.eco.umass.edu/publications/articles/choosing-between-oriented-strandboard-and-plywood/Plywood is stiffer and, traditionally, more moisture resistant, so many still prefer plywood for floors and roofs. Modern OSB supposedly does better on moisture. If you have an application where you need to fit 3/4" OSB into a 3/4" channel and it has ever seen water, good luck with that.
But for TJIs, SIPs and shear walls, I'll take OSB.
The right tool for the job.
https://www.builderonline.com/products/product-pros-and-cons-oriented-strand-board-vs-plywood_oOne issue with looking at old houses that survive a storm and saying that the materials and methods are better is that that analysis is subject to survivor bias.
Modern houses are stronger, stiffer, tighter (actually in a modern house they commonly need to add methods to make sure it has adequate air exchange), quieter, more energy efficient.
Just like cars, there have been great advances. Modern cars are just so much better than the cars of the 1970s.
The problem with houses is that the skill of the builder has a huge impact. Unlike cars, there are millions of builders and they range from genius craftsmen to atrocious incompetents or worse. Looking at the houses that have been built in our area in the last ten years, some are built to last for centuries and some are built to last long enough for the contractor to get his last payment from the bank.