"Private modes in web browsers were never designed as a general privacy fix," says Lukasz Olejnik, independent cybersecurity and privacy advisor, as well as research associate at the Center for Technology and Global Affairs at Oxford University. "In practice, they offer very little."
https://www.wired.co.uk/article/google-chrome-incognito-mode-privacy
All you can count on is that the sites aren't recorded in the browser history, Besides, without VPN, your ISP has logged everywhere you've been. And we know that the ISPs are selling your profile.
>VPN
**AND** I have serious doubts about VPNs keeping profiles of their users in the long run. It's valuable data and has a ready market.
My nephew called it "porn mode" because all it really does is prevent parents and spouses from seeing your history on a shared computer. That's the main purpose.
It's useful if you are logged in or have cookies set and need to test a page on a clean cache without wanting to lose your current logins et cetera
> doubts about VPNs keeping profiles of their users in the long run.
7 VPN firms with no-logs policy end up exposing 1.2 TB of user data
https://www.hackread.com/7-no-logs-policy-vpn-expose-tb-user-data/