I'll spare you the sad tale of a site relaunch gone bad in the last year or two (not a site I worked on, but I was asked to take a quick look a few months after the fact).
The key problem was that they had changed so many things that when they tried to figure out what was causing the huge traffic drop, it was essentially impossible to disentangle one change from the other. It was compounded by the fact that they had not archived ranking data (then Search Console went back only 90 days and they didn't have any other rank tracker).
Moral: the more things you change, the harder it will be to bounce back from a bad launch. Even if changing the URL doesn't *cause* a drop, it will make it that much harder to disentangle the real cause from the multiple possible causes.
Sometimes you don't have a choice because of CMS architecture (which was true in the case above with respect to URL structure), but even then, you might be able to phase things in.